Numbers, Time, and Dates
Lesson 4: Days of the Week
ようび — Monday to Sunday
⏱️ About 25 minutes / 📊 Level: Beginner (N5) / 📅 Speaking + Reading
Before You Start
Days of the week appear everywhere — at hospitals, schools, work schedules, and appointments. In this lesson, you’ll learn all seven days and how to use them in real conversations.
What you’ll learn:
- All seven days — 月〜日曜日
- Ask “What day is today?” — 今日は何曜日ですか
- Say today, tomorrow, yesterday — 今日 / 明日 / 昨日
- Say “I do 〇〇 on Monday” — 月曜日に〇〇します
- Say “every week” — 毎週
- Say weekdays vs. weekend — 平日 / 週末
1. Days of the Week / ようび
Each day name has a natural element — that’s the secret to remembering them.
| English | Japanese | Romaji | Element |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monday | 月曜日 | getsuyoobi | 月 Moon |
| Tuesday | 火曜日 | kayoobi | 火 Fire |
| Wednesday | 水曜日 | suiyoobi | 水 Water |
| Thursday | 木曜日 | mokuyoobi | 木 Wood |
| Friday | 金曜日 | kinyoobi | 金 Gold |
| Saturday | 土曜日 | doyoobi | 土 Earth |
| Sunday | 日曜日 | nichiyoobi | 日 Sun |
月(Moon)→火(Fire)→水(Water)→木(Wood)→金(Gold)→土(Earth)→日(Sun)
2. Key Phrases / きほんのフレーズ
3. Phrase Notes / ポイント
月曜日に行きます = I go ON Monday. (action on a day)
Key rule: add に when there is an action.
Note: 昨日 uses でした (past tense): 昨日は日曜日でした.
毎週月曜日に勉強します = I study every Monday.
Don’t forget に when saying “on a day”: 月曜日に行きます ✅. Without に: 月曜日行きます ❌. However, when just stating the day (今日は月曜日です), you do NOT need に.
4. Today, Tomorrow, Yesterday / きょう・あした・きのう
| Japanese | Romaji | English | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 今日 | kyoo | today | 今日は月曜日です。 |
| 明日 | ashita | tomorrow | 明日は火曜日です。 |
| 昨日 | kinoo | yesterday | 昨日は日曜日でした。 |
| 毎週 | maishuu | every week | 毎週月曜日です。 |
| 週末 | shuumatsu | weekend | 週末は休みです。 |
| 平日 | heejitsu | weekdays | 平日は仕事です。 |
5. Conversation Practice / かいわ
💬 Conversation 1 — What Day Is It Today?
💬 Conversation 2 — Tomorrow
💬 Conversation 3 — Schedule by Day
💬 Conversation 4 — Day Off
6. Vocabulary / たんご
| Japanese | Romaji | English |
|---|---|---|
| 曜日 | yoobi | day of the week |
| 何曜日 | nan yoobi | what day of the week |
| 今日 | kyoo | today |
| 明日 | ashita | tomorrow |
| 昨日 | kinoo | yesterday |
| 毎週 | maishuu | every week |
| 週末 | shuumatsu | weekend |
| 平日 | heejitsu | weekdays |
| 休み | yasumi | day off / rest |
| 病院 | byooin | hospital |
7. Check Your Understanding / クイズ
Think about each question first. The answer and explanation are shown below each one.
月曜日 = Monday. 月 = Moon. 火 = Fire (Tuesday). 水 = Water (Wednesday).
何曜日 = what day of the week. 今日 = today. Not time (何時) or month (何月).
週末 = weekend / 休みです = day off. “I am off on weekends.”
8. Match the Day / れんしゅう
9. Write Your Weekly Schedule / れんしゅう
Fill in with your own plans. Then say each sentence aloud.
火曜日に ________。
水曜日に ________。
木曜日に ________。
金曜日に ________。
週末は ________。
🚀 Mini Mission
Today’s mission: Say your weekly schedule in Japanese.
Answer these with your teacher:
何曜日に日本語を勉強しますか。
休みは何曜日ですか。
📘 Review / まとめ
In this lesson, you learned all seven days of the week. The most important patterns:
今日は何曜日ですか。(What day today?)
今日は月曜日です。(Today is Monday.)
月曜日に勉強します。(I study on Monday.)
💡 Memory trick: Moon→Fire→Water→Wood→Gold→Earth→Sun. Key: 〇曜日に + action (I go ON Monday). 今日は〇曜日です = just stating the day (no action = no に).
FAQ
Want to Practice Your Weekly Schedule?
Talking about your week in Japanese feels natural when you say it to a real person. Start with a free trial lesson today.
Online or in-person — both available on request.