How to say the Japanese calendar and numbers
Reference from the Japan Foundation
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There are many things that use numbers. Each one has a different way of saying it, so pay attention and learn along with me!
If you have any questions, ask them for free!ใโกใJapanese Question Form
How to count numbers in Japanese
๏ผ zero๏ผใใใปใใ zeroใปreiใ
๏ผ one๏ผใใก ichi
๏ผ two๏ผใซ ni
๏ผ three๏ผใใ san
๏ผ four๏ผใใใปใ yonใปshi
๏ผ five๏ผใ go
๏ผ six๏ผใใ roku
๏ผ seven๏ผใชใชใปใใก nanaใปsichi
๏ผ eight๏ผใฏใก hachi
๏ผ nine๏ผใใ
ใใปใ kyuuใปku
๏ผ๏ผ ten๏ผใใ
ใ juu
๏ผ๏ผ eleven๏ผใใ
ใใใก juuichi
๏ผ๏ผ twelve๏ผใใ
ใใซ juuni
ใปใปใป
๏ผ๏ผ twenty๏ผใซใใ
ใ nijuu
๏ผ๏ผ Twenty one๏ผใซใใ
ใใใก nijuichi
ใปใปใป
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ a hundred๏ผใฒใใ hyaku
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ a thousand๏ผใใ sen
๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ ten thousand๏ผใพใ man
ใปใปใป
Some numbers have two ways of saying the same thing
In Japanese, when counting the number of things The way of counting numbers changes.
one ไธใค๏ผใฒใจใค hitotsu
two ไบใค๏ผใตใใค futatsu
three ไธใค๏ผใฟใฃใค mittus
four ๅใค๏ผใใฃใค yottsu
five ไบใค๏ผใใคใค itsutsu
six ๅ
ญใค๏ผใใฃใค muttsu
seven ไธใค๏ผใชใชใค nanatsu
eight ๅ
ซใค๏ผใใฃใค yattsu
nine ไนใค๏ผใใใฎใค kokonotsu
ten ๅ๏ผใจใ tou
How to say your age
Now let’s move on to saying your age!
The year is expressed as “-sai (ๆญณ)”.
1 year old 1ๆญณ๏ผใใฃใใใ๏ผรใใกใใ๏ผใissai
2 years old 2ๆญณ๏ผใซใใ nisai
3 years old 3ๆญณ๏ผใใใใ sansai
4 years old 4ๆญณ๏ผใใใใใ๏ผรใใใ๏ผ yonsai
5 years old 5ๆญณ๏ผใใใ gosai
6 years old 6ๆญณ๏ผใใใใ rokusai
7 years old 7ๆญณ๏ผใชใชใใใ๏ผรใใกใใ๏ผ nanasai
8 years old 8ๆญณ๏ผใฏใฃใใใ๏ผรใฏใกใใ๏ผ hassai
9 years old 9ๆญณ๏ผใใ
ใใใ๏ผรใใใ๏ผkyusai
10 years old 10ๆญณ๏ผใใ
ใฃใใ๏ผรใใ
ใใใ๏ผjussai
11 years old 11ๆญณ๏ผใใ
ใใใฃใใ juuissai
12 years old 12ๆญณ๏ผใใ
ใใซใใ juunisai
ใปใปใป
20 years old 20ๆญณ๏ผใฏใใกใปใซใใ
ใฃใใ hatachiใปnijussai
21 years old 21ๆญณ๏ผใซใใ
ใใใฃใใ nijuuissai
In Japan, the special term “hatachi” is used because it was defined as the age of adulthood at 20.”
From April 2022, the age of 18 has been changed to the age of adulthood.
Let’s learn how to say dates!
Year is “~nen”.
Month is “~gatsu”.
Hi is “~nichi” Day is “~nichi
ไธๆ ย ย ใใกใใค ย ย ichi gatsu ย ย January
ไบๆ ย ย ใซใใค ย ย ni gatsu ย ย February
ไธๆ ย ย ใใใใค ย ย san gatsu ย ย March
ๅๆใใใใคใshi gatsuย ย ย April
ไบๆใใใใคย ย ย go gatsu May
ๅ
ญๆใใใใใคย ย ย roku gatsuย ย ย June
ไธๆใใใกใใคใshichi gatsuย ย ย July
ๅ
ซๆใใฏใกใใคใhati gatuย ย ย August
ไนๆใใใใคใku gatsuย ย ย September
ๅๆใใใ
ใใใคใjuu gatsuย ย ย October
ๅไธๆใใใ
ใใใกใใคใjuuichi gatsuย ย ย November
ๅไบๆใใใ
ใใซใใคใjuuni gatsuย ย ย December
The day will be said in a different way.
2nd 2ๆฅ๏ผใตใคใ futsuka
3rd 3ๆฅ๏ผใฟใฃใ mikka
4th 4ๆฅ๏ผใใฃใ yokka
5th 5ๆฅ๏ผใใคใ itsuka
6th 6ๆฅ๏ผใใใ muika
7th 7ๆฅ๏ผใชใฎใ nanoka
8th 8ๆฅ๏ผใใใ youka
9th 9ๆฅ๏ผใใใฎใ kokonoka
10th 10ๆฅ๏ผใจใใ touka
11th 11ๆฅ๏ผใใ ใใใกใซใก juuichinichi
12th 12ๆฅ๏ผใใ ใใซใซใก juuninichi
13th 13ๆฅ๏ผใใ ใใใใซใก juusannichi
14th 14ๆฅ๏ผใใ ใใใฃใ juuyokka
15th 15ๆฅ๏ผใใ ใใใซใก juugonichi
16th 16ๆฅ๏ผใใ ใใใใซใก juurokunichi
17th 17ๆฅ๏ผใใ ใใชใชใซใกใปใใ ใใใกใซใก juunananichiใปjuushichinichi
18th 18ๆฅ๏ผใใ ใใฏใกใซใก juuhachinichi
19th 19ๆฅ๏ผใใ ใใใซใก juukunichi
20th 20ๆฅ๏ผใฏใคใ hatsuka
21st 21ๆฅ๏ผใซใใ ใใใกใซใก nijuuichinichi
ใปใปใป
It’s hard, but we’ll learn it together!
How to say day and year
Japanese days of the week don’t follow such an easy pattern, but here they are anyway, along with some other time-related words.
ๆๆฅ ย ย ใใใ ย ย ashita ย ย Tomorrow
ๆจๆฅ ย ย ใใฎใ ย ย kinouย ย ย Yesterday
ไธๆจๆฅย ใใจใจใ ototoiย ย ย The day before yesterday
ๆๅพๆฅ ย ใใใฃใฆ asatteย ย ย The day after tomorrow
ไปๆ ย ย ใใ ย ย ใkesaย ย ย ย This morning
ไปๆฉ ย ย ใใใฐใย konbanย This evening
ไป ย ย ใใใพ ย ย ย ย imaย ย ย ย Now
ไปๅนดใใใจใใkotoshi ใThis year
ๅปๅนดใใใใญใใkyonenใLast year
ๆฅๅนดใใใใญใใRainen ใNext year
ๅๆฅๅนดใใใใใญใใSarainenย ใyear after next
How to say time
1 o’clock 1ๆ๏ผใใกใ ichiji
2 o’clock 2ๆ๏ผใซใ niji
3 o’clock 3ๆ๏ผใใใ sanji
4 o’clock 4ๆ๏ผใใ yoji
5 o’clock 5ๆ๏ผใใ goji
6 o’clock 6ๆ๏ผใใใ rokuji
7 o’clock 7ๆ๏ผใใกใ shichiji
8 o’clock 8ๆ๏ผใฏใกใ hachiji
9 o’clock 9ๆ๏ผใใ kuji
10 o’clock 10ๆ๏ผใใ
ใใ juuji
ใปใปใป
Note that only 4:00 and 9:00 are said differently.
1 minute 1ๅ๏ผใใฃใทใ ippun
2 minutes 2ๅ๏ผใซใตใ nifun
3 minutes 3ๅ๏ผใใใทใ sanfun
4 minutes 4ๅ๏ผใใใทใ yonfun
5 minutes 5ๅ๏ผใใตใ gofun
6 minutes 6ๅ๏ผใใฃใทใ roppun
7 minutes 7ๅ๏ผใชใชใตใ nanafun
8 minutes 8ๅ๏ผใฏใฃใทใ happun
9 minutes 9ๅ๏ผใใ
ใใตใ kyufun
10 minutes 10ๅ๏ผใใ
ใฃใทใใปใใฃใทใ juppunใปjippun
11 minutes 11ๅ๏ผใใ
ใใใฃใทใ juuippun
ใปใปใป
30 minutes 30ๅ๏ผใฏใใปใใใใ
ใฃใทใ hanใปsanjuppun
ใปใปใป
A half hour is called “han”.
For example, 4:30 is called “yoji-han”.
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Our detailed explanations of how to read and understand the Japanese calendar will help you get in touch with the essence of Japanese traditions. Informative and free to access, our content is designed to enhance the learning experience, making mastery of these concepts as engaging as it is informative. From traditional festivals to contemporary applications, our courses bridge the gap between culture and education and provide a unique perspective on Japanese society.
KEY:
Just put the character for “moon month” after the number of the month, and you have the name of each month.
ๆใฎๆฐๅญใฎๅพใซใๆใใฎๆๅญใๅ ฅใใใฐใใใใใใฎๆใฎๅๅใซใชใใพใใ
HH Japa Needs has been accumulating lesson know-how specializing in private Japanese lessons for over 10 years.
There are many tutors all over Japan and even in other countries abroad. We cover all the teaching material know-how, so please ask any question about how to study.
Column
ๆฅๆฌใงใฏใ1872ๅนดใพใง้ฐๆฆใไฝฟใใใฆใใพใใใ
In Japan, the lunar calendar was used until 1872.
้ฐๆฆใงใฏใๆใฎๅญฃ็ฏใ่กไบใซๅใใใๅ้ขจใฎๅผใณๅใไฝฟ็จใใ็พๅจใฎๆฆใงใไฝฟ็จใใใใใจใใใใพใใ
The lunar calendar uses Japanese names for the seasons and events of the month, which are sometimes used in the current calendar.
้ฐๆฆใฎไธ่ฆง
List of the lunar calendar
ไธๆ๏ผ็ฆๆ(ใใคใ๏ผใไปฒ็ฆใพใใๆ
๏ผๆใฏๅนดใฎๅงใใซๅฝใ่กไบใฎๅคใๆๆใงใใใฎๆฉไผใซไปฒ็ฆใพใใใๆทฑใใใใใชใไปใๅใใใใใใจใใๆๅณๅใใใใใจใใฆใใพใใ
January: Mutsuki: The month of friendship
January is a time of many events as it marks the beginning of the year, and it is meant to be an opportunity to deepen friendship and get to know each other.
ไบๆ๏ผๅฆๆ๏ผใใใใ๏ผใ่ๆจใ็บ่ฝใใๆ
ใๅญไพใ่ช็ใใใๅฆใ่ๆจใ่ฝ็ใใๆใใจใฎๆๅณใใใใฆใใ่ชฌใใใใใใงใใ
February: Kisaragi: The month of budding plants and trees
“There is a theory that this is the month when plants and trees sprout, just like the birth of a child.
ไธๆ๏ผๅผฅ็๏ผใใใ๏ผใ่ๆจใ็ใ่ใๆ
ๆฅใ่ฟใใฆ่ๆจใใฉใใฉใ่ฒใคๆๆใงใใใใไธใซใ็ใ็นใใใจใใใใใใใใจ่จใใใใใใใใใใใซใชใฃใใจ่จใใใฆใใพใใ
March: Yayoi: The month when plants and trees grow thickly
This is the time of year when plants and trees grow rapidly in spring.
ๅๆ๏ผๅฏๆ๏ผใใฅใ๏ผใๅฏใฎ่ฑใฎๅฒใๆ
ๅไบๆฏใฎๅฏใ๏ผ็ช็ฎใซๆฅใใใจใใใ๏ผ็ช็ฎใฎๆใใใๆฅใใจใใ่ชฌใใใใพใใ
April: Uzuki: The month when rabbit flowers bloom
It is said that it came from the “fourth month” because the zodiac rabbit came fourth.
ไบๆ๏ผ็ๆ๏ผใใคใ๏ผใ็จฒใฎ่ใไฝใๆฉ่ๆ
ใใใใใชๆฐ็ทใฎๅใ็ฐใฎ็ฅๆงใๅฅใใฆ็ฐๆคใใใใๅญฃ็ฏใงใใใใพใใ
May: Satsuki: The month of early rice planting
This is the season for planting rice in honor of the god of rice fields.
ๅ ญๆ๏ผๆฐด็กๆ๏ผใฟใชใฅใ๏ผใๆฐดใ็กใใชใๆ
็ฐๆคใใชใฉใฎๆฐดใๅคงๅใชๅญฃ็ฏใงใใใๆข ้จใฎๅญฃ็ฏใงใใใใพใใใใกใใกใง็ฐใซๆฐดใๅผใใใพใๆใใๅณใใใชใใชใฉใงใๆฐดใ็กใใชใใจใใใๆฐด็กใๆใใใๆฅใใจใฎ่ชฌใใใใใใงใใ
June๏ผMinazuki: The month when there is no more water
This is the season when water is important for planting rice, and also the rainy season. There is a theory that this month comes from “Mizunazuki,” the month when there is no more water due to the drawing of water in the rice fields here and there, and also due to the severe heat.
ไธๆ๏ผๆๆ๏ผใตใฟใฅใ๏ผใๆใๆธใๆ
ไธๅคใฎ็ฝ็ๆใป็นๅฅณๆใซใชใใใใฆใ่ฉฉๆญใไฝใไพใใใใจใซๅงใพใใจใใใฆใใพใใ
July: Fumiduki: The month of writing
This month is said to have originated from the time when people wrote poems and offered them to the gods, likening them to the stars Altair and Orihime.
ๅ ซๆ๏ผ่ๆ๏ผใฏใฅใ๏ผใ่ใฃใฑใ็พใใๆ
ๅบ่ๆจนใ่ฒไปใๅงใๆฎตใ ใจ็พใใใชใๆใงใใใใจใใใใฆใใใจ่จใใใฆใใพใใ
August: Haduki: A month of beautiful leaves
It is said that the name comes from the fact that this is the month when broad-leafed trees begin to change color and become more and more beautiful.
ไนๆ๏ผ้ทๆ๏ผใชใใคใ๏ผใๆใ้ทใ่ฆใใใๆ
็งใใใใใๆทฑใพใๅงใใๅค้ทใฎๆๆใ่ฟใใๆใจใใใฆใใพใใ
September: Nagatsuki: The month when the moon can be seen for a long time
It is said that this is the month when autumn begins to deepen and the night becomes longer.
ๅๆ๏ผ็ฅ็กๆ๏ผใใใชใใ๏ผใ็ฅใใ็กใใชใๆ
ใใฎๆใฏๅ จๅฝๅๅฐใฎ็ฅใ ใๅบ้ฒใซไธๅใซไผใใๅๅฐใใ็ฅใๅฑ ใชใใชใใใจใใ่จใใใฆใใใจใใฆใใพใใ
October: Kannazuki: The month when the gods disappear
This month is said to be the month when the gods from all over the country gather in Izumo and the gods disappear from the land.
ๅไธๆ๏ผ้ๆ๏ผใใใคใ๏ผใ ้ใ้ใใ้ ใฎๆ
็งใๆทฑใพใใๆฉใใจใใใงใฏๆ้ใ้ใใๆๆใซใชใฃใใใจใ่กจใใฆใใใจใใใใฆใใพใใ
November: Shimotsuki: The month when the frosts begin to fall.
It is said that this month represents the deepening of autumn and the onset of morning frost in some places.
ๅไบๆ๏ผๅธซ่ตฐ๏ผใใใ๏ผใๅธซๅงใ่ตฐใๅคๅฟใชๆ
่ชฐใใๅนดใฎ็ฌใใฒใใใฆไฝใใจๆฐๅฟใใๆ ใใ ใใใชใๆๆใงใใฉใฃใใๆงใใฆ่ชญ็ตใใใๅธซๅงใพใงใ่ตฐใๅใใชใใใฐใจๆใใใ็จใฎๅคๅฟใชๆใงใใใจใใใฆใใพใใ
December: Shiwasu: The busy month when even priests run
This is the time of year when everyone is busy and hectic, and even the priests who are standing tall and reading sutras are said to be so busy that they feel they have to run around.
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