Japanese postposition
文の構成

Japanese form

2. Sentence structure

Next, we will study the composition of sentences.

saru ha 　banana wo　 taberu.

主語　　　　　 　　　　述語

Subject　　　 　　　　Predicate

(The monkey eats a banana.)

Let’s take a look at the sentence

“saru” is the subject.

“taberu” is a predicate.

Japanese sentences have a predicate at the end.

So the end of the sentence is important.

There are three sentence forms.

Noun sentences, verb sentences, and adjective sentences.

The noun sentence is “watashi no ane wa isya desu(My sister is a doctor.)”

It ends with a noun like.

The verb sentence ends with a verb, such as “watashi wa 5 ji ni oki masu(I get up at 5 o’clock.)”

The adjectives end with an adjective, such as “watashi no kaban wa hurui desu(My bag is old.)”

Noun sentences, verb sentences, and adjective sentences have affirmative, negative, non-past, and past, and the end of each sentence changes.

Noun sentences and adjective sentences have the same form.

The form of “noun sentence” changes to “watasi wa isha desu(I’m a doctor.)”, “watasi wa isha dewa arimasen(I’m not a doctor.)”, “watasi wa isha desita(I was a doctor.)”, and “watasi wa isha deha nakatta(I wasn’t a doctor)”.

The form of “Na adjective” changes to “sizuka desu(quiet)”, “sizuka jyanai desu(not quiet)”, “siazuka desita(quiet)”, “sizuka jyanakatta desu(not quiet)”.

The forms of “I adjectives” are “hurui desu(old)”, “huruku nai desu(not old)”, “huru katta desu(old)”, “furuku nakatta desu(not old)”, and the verb sentences are “okima su(wake up)”, “okima sen(do not wake up”, “okima sita(woke up)” “okima sen desita(did not wake up)”.

Verbs can take other forms besides “masu”, “nmasen”, “masita”, and “masendesita”.

For example, the verb “nomimasu” changes its form to “nomu”, “nonde” and “nomanai”

And it has various meanings.